\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{luatexja}
\usepackage[factor=2000]{microtype}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\SetProtrusion{ encoding=TU, font = */*/*/*/normalsize}{
  %\char"DF={0,0},
  \'A={800,200}, \ss={1000,100}
}
\textwidth10mm
%\tracingnone
\begin{document}
\parindent0pt

\leavevmode
\smash{\vrule  depth 1000pt width .125mm}
\hfill
\smash{\vrule  depth 1000pt width .125mm}

A

\'A\hfill \'A

Á\hfill Á

\ss\hfill \ss

ß\hfill ß

\end{document}
